Critical review on pharmacological properties of Erandakarkati (Carica papaya)

Abstract

Erandakarkati, commonly known as papaya, is an evergreen plant native to tropical and subtropical regions. It has been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. This critical review explores the phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of various parts of the papaya plant. The leaves resemble castor oil leaves, and the fruit resembles a cucumber. Papaya is abundant in digestive enzymes, aiding absorption and assimilation of food. Rich in vitamins (B complex, A, and C) and minerals (sodium and potassium), it offers various health benefits. Ayurvedically, papaya balances pitta dosha, promotes liver function, and supports pancreatic health. The fruit, leaves, seeds, bark, and latex play essential roles in disease management. Active components such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids contribute to its therapeutic activity. Papaya exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic properties. Notably, papaya leaf juice increases platelet counts in dengue fever patients. This comprehensive overview highlights the multifaceted potential of Carica papaya in traditional and modern medicine.