Abstract

Abstract

In recent decades, the global burden of Sthoulya (obesity) has increased at an alarming rate, emerging as a major public health challenge. According to Forbes, more than one billion people worldwide are currently affected by obesity. The World Obesity Federation predicts that by 2030, one in five women and one in seven men will be obese. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m² is classified as overweight, while a BMI ≥30 kg/m² is considered obesity. The fundamental cause of obesity is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Ayurveda describes Sthoulya as a disorder primarily caused by excessive nourishment (Santarpanajanya Vyadhi) resulting from improper Ahara (diet), Vihara (lifestyle), and Manasika Nidana (psychological factors). The main Hetu includes excessive intake of guru (heavy), snigdha (unctuous), madhura (sweet) foods, sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity, day sleep (Divaswapna), and mental factors such as stress and indulgence. These factors lead to Kapha Dosha aggravation and impaired Agni, resulting in excessive accumulation of Meda Dhatu. The Samprapti of Sthoulya involves Agnimandya, formation of Ama, obstruction of Srotas, and disproportionate nourishment of Meda Dhatu, causing flaccidity, reduced vitality, and increased body mass. Ayurvedic Chikitsa emphasizes Nidana Parivarjana, Apatarpana Chikitsa, Langhana, Rukshana, and Shodhana therapies along with a structured diet plan comprising laghu, ruksha, and kapha-medohara foods. The findings demonstrate that Ayurvedic interventions effectively reduce fat accumulation, enhance metabolic activity, restore doshic balance, and provide holistic health benefits, making Ayurveda a comprehensive approach for obesity management.