Abstract

Abstract

Ayurveda describes a highly developed concept of body anatomy and vital structures, among which Sira, Dhamani, and Marma hold great clinical importance. The classical text Sushruta Samhita, a major component of the Brihattrayi, provides detailed descriptions of these structures in the context of Sharira Rachana and Shalya Tantra. Acharya Sushruta clearly differentiates Sira, Dhamani, and Srotas based on their structure, function, and clinical relevance. Dhamanis are described as pulsating channels responsible for the circulation of Rasa and Rakta, while Sira mainly serve as channels for blood flow and are also associated with vital physiological activities. In the context of Marma Sharira, several vital points are classified as Sira Marma and Dhamani Marma, where injury can lead to severe complications such as hemorrhage, functional impairment, or even death. Understanding the anatomical and clinical significance of these Marmas is essential for both surgical and therapeutic practices. Classical descriptions indicate that Dhamani Marmas are closely related to pulsatile vascular structures, while Sira Marmas represent vital venous or neurovascular components. In modern anatomical terms, these structures may correspond to arteries, veins, capillaries, and nerve plexuses associated with vital regions of the body. The present study critically reviews the classical descriptions of Sira and Dhamani Marma in Ayurvedic texts, particularly Sushruta Samhita, and attempts to correlate them with modern anatomical concepts. This analysis aims to clarify their structural characteristics, functional roles, and clinical implications, thereby contributing to a better understanding of Ayurvedic anatomy and its relevance in contemporary medical science.