Review Article
Year: 2021 |Volume: 2 | Issue: 07 |Pages: 22-27
Guggul: an Ayurveda drug, Scientific appraisal and Clinical uses.
About Author
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Leena Zade M. S. Ayurved College and Hospital, Gondia ( Maharashtra) Maharashtra, India Mobile no.: 99609 45342 Email: drleenawanjari@gmail.com
Date of Acceptance: 2021-07-27
Date of Publication:2021-08-07
Article-ID:IJIM_82_08_21 http://ijim.co.in
Source of Support: Nil
Conflict of Interest: None Declared
How To Cite This Article: Zade LR , Gautam H S, Thote V V. Guggul: an Ayurveda drug, Scientific appraisal and Clinical uses. Int. J Ind. Med. 2021;2(7):21-26
Abstract
All of the Rasausadhi formulations mentioned in Ayurveda play a significant role in the treatment of human ailments. Diseases have evolved to harm life since the beginning of time. Many formulations in Ayurveda have been described, ranging from basic churna of herbal medications to complicated medicine like , pottalli rasayan, kupipakwa rasayan, Sindoor and Bhasma etc. Aushadhi Kalpana is the name given to all of them. In Rasshastra and Bhaishajyakalpana, a very important component known as "Guggul" is used in a variety of formulations. Guggulu has been a well-known medication of the Indigenous System of Medicine since the Vedic period. It is the main ingredient among most of Ayurvedic formulations. The guggul belongs to the family Burseraceae, and it is mainly found in the dry regions of the Indian subcontinent mainly India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. In Atharvaveda it is mentioned that Yakshma and other diseases will not spread to the areas fumigated by Guggulu.
Keywords: Guggulu, Sindoor, Bhasma, Aushadhi Kalpana
Introduction
Ayurveda, the science of life, has been practised by Aryans since the Vedic time to protect life. Since the Vedic time, Guggulu has been a well-known Indigenous System of Medicine treatment. In most Ayurvedic formulations, it is the most important element. The guggul tree is a member of the Burseraceae family that grows in the dry regions of the Indian subcontinent, primarily India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Guggulu consists of exudate of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhand, Syn. Balsamodendron mukul Hook. ex Stocks Commiphora mukul Engl.),(Fam. Burseraceae),a small perennial tree or shrub upto 1.2-1.8 m high, occurring in rocky tracts of Rajasthan, Gujarat , exudate is collected during winter season by making the incisions in the bark or in summer, falling from the bark itself.
Synonyms:
Sanskrit : Pura, Mahishaksha, Kaushika, Palankash
Assamese : Guggul
Bengali : Guggula
English : Gum-gugul, Indian Bdellium
Gujrati : Gugal, Guggal, Gugar
Hindi : Guggul
Kannada : Kanthagana, Guggala, Mahishaksha guggulu,
Kashmiri : Guggul Dhoop, Kanth Gan
Malayalam : Gulgulu, Guggulu
Marathi : Guggul, Mahishaksh
Oriya : Guggulu
Punjabi : Guggal
Tamil : Mahisaksi Guggalu
Telugu: Makishakshi guggulu, Guggipannu
Urdu : Muqil (Shihappu)
Classifications of Gana by different Acharya:
Sushruta: Eladi, Kaphasmari bhedan
Charak :Sangyasthapana,Kashaya kandha
Ashtanga Sangraha: Eladi
Harita Samhita : Rasayan
Dhanvantari Nighantu : Chandanadi
BhavaprakashaNighantu:Karpooradi
Types of Guggul:
Bhavaprakasha has prescribed five types of Guggulu on the basis of color –These are-
Guggul Color
A. Mahishaksha : Bhringa or Anjana.
B. Mahaneel extremely blue in color
C. Kumuda Kumuda flower
D. Padma Dark red like ruby color
E. Hiranya Gold color
However, each type of variety has been prescribed for specifically in human and animals. The Kanaka type has been told best of all and prescribed to use as Medicine in human beings. Mahishaksha can be used as medicine in humans, Mahaneel and Mahishaksha have been told to be useful in elephants and Kumuda and Padma has been said to be useful in horse.
Ayurvedic Preparations of Guggulu:
- Triphala guggulu,
- Mahayogaraj guggulu
- Simhanada guggulu
- Yogaraj guggulu
- Gokshuradi guggulu,
- Kanchanara guggulu,
- Amritadi guggulu
- Kaishora guggulu,
- Lakshadi guggulu, ,
- Navaka guggulu,
Dashang Guggul
Discussion
Guggul resin is produced more abundantly and is stronger in potency during the season of autumn; hence, Ayurveda states that guggul resin must be collected in autumn. Different selections of guggul resin have different therapeutic actions based on the age of the Guggulu. Freshly collected Guggulu has a Brumhana (weight increasing) quality, where as Purana guggul (guggul which is at least one year old) has an Atilekhana (weight reducing) quality. Guggul has to be purified in cow's milk in order to remove toxic substances and concentrate the guggulu easily absorbable. Ayurveda specifies Shodhana (purification) as one of the important procedures before oral administration of guggul. Guggul produces a resinous sap known as gum Guggul. The extract of this gum, called gugulipid or guglipid, has been used in Ayurvedic medicine abundantly. As per Ayurveda it is never administering Guggulu as a single drug, it has to be given along with other herbs in compounds such as Triphala Guggul, Yogaraja Guggul Kaishor Guggul, Trayodashanga Guggul etc. The administration of Guggulu with other herbs has the effect of purging Ama (Toxic substance) from the body. Guggulu should be avoided along with foods that are sour or bitter in taste, alcohol, excessive exercise, physical and mental strain.Guggul was used traditionally for the treatment various disorders.
Conclusion
Guggulu is a multi-purpose drug and because of its therapeutic properties, further evidence required to establish its pharmacodynamic action. Guggulu isolated from Commiphora have enormous therapeutic potential against several diseases and it has been well established among various clinical studies.
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