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Introduction

Avaleha is a semisolid form of medicine and is commonly used in all age group. Compared to Asava, Arishta, and Churnas, Avaleha is used more easily[1]. Pandu is well explained disease which is equivalent with Anemia on their reflection of etiopathology, clinical manifestations, management principles and risk factors. The treatment of Iron deficiency anemia in children is suboptimal due to multiple factors relating to anemia for prolonged time, unaffordability to buy medications, nutritional deficiencies in food and potential adverse effects of chronic ailments. In Ayurveda system of medicine, many studies state assuring results on the long term management of Pandu. But be constrained to have more clarity in ayurvedic management of Iron deficiency anemia in children with respect to selection of appropriate medicine and mode of administration. Aacharya charaka mentions Dhatryavaleha in Pandu roga chikitsa adhyaya[2]. It is an herbal formulation and is one of such therapeutic cost effective medicine especially in young children. The present study is to prepare Dhatryavaleha and to see its analytical parameter standards mentioned in standard operative procedure protocol of Avaleha kalpana.

Aim :

• Study the literature on Avaleha from Sharangadhar samhita
• Study the analytical parameters of Dhatryavaleha

Materials & Methods:

Ingredients: Vamshalochan -288 gm, Shunti-288 gm,Madhuyashti-288 gm, Pippali-2304 gm, Draksha-2304 gm,Sharkara-7200 gm,Dhatri phala swarasa-150 liter,Madhu-2304 g.

Method of Preperation :

• Amalaki are taken and seeds are separated and swarasa is prepared.
• All the drugs are powered fine.
• In a vessel amalaki swarasa along with all choornas are kept boiling on low flame and boiled till avaleha consistiency.
• After cooling madhu is added and avaleha is filled in the container and smeared with ghee.

Total 20 kg avaleha is prepared.

Determination of pH

Preparation of buffer solutions: Standard buffer solution: Dissolved one tablet of pH 4, 7 and 9.2 in 100 ml of distilled water. Determination of pH: 1 ml of sample was taken and make up to 10 ml with distilled water, stirred well and filtered. The filtrate was used for the experiment. Instrument was switched on. 30 minutes time was given for warming pH meter. The pH 4 solution was first introduced and the pH adjusted by using the knob to 4.02 for room temperature 30°C. The pH 7 solution was introduced and the pH meter adjusted to 7 by using the knob. Introduced the pH 9.2 solution and checked the pH reading without adjusting the knob. Then the sample solution was introduced and reading was noted. Repeated the test four times and the average reading were taken as result.

Total fat 1 g of the sample (Dhatryavaleha) mixed with 4gm of silica and was introduced into a thimble and placed it in a soxhlet fitted with a condenser. Taken 90 ml of petroleum ether (B.P. 40 - 60°C) in the 150 ml RB flask and boiled for 6 hours. The extract was taken in a pre-weighed conical flask and petroleum ether was evaporated on a water bath. Removed the traces of petroleum ether in vacuum pump. Taken the weight of fat to constant weight.

Total Ash 2 g of sample was incinerated in a tared platinum crucible at temperature not exceeding 450?C until carbon free ash is obtained. Percentage of ash was calculated with reference to weight of the sample.

Acid insoluble Ash To the crucible containing total ash, add 25ml of dilute HCl and boil. Collect the insoluble matter on ashless filter paper (Whatmann 41) and wash with hot water until the filtrate is neutral. Transfer the filter paper containing the insoluble matter to the original crucible, dry on a hot plate and ignite to constant weight. Allow the residue to cool in suitable desiccator for 30 mins and weigh without delay. Calculate the content of acid insoluble ash with reference to the air dried drug

Reducing and non reducing sugar 5 g of sample (Dhatryavaleha) was taken in a 250 ml volumetric flask and 200 ml of water was added. Slight excess solid basic Lead acetate was added to remove tannins and made up to the mark without disturbing the solution by adding water. Shaken and filtered. Slight excess of solid Sodium oxalate was added to remove excess of basic Lead acetate, shake and filtered. This filtrate was used for the estimation of reducing sugar.

Reducing sugar: Take the sugar solution in a 50 ml burette. Preliminary titration: 10 ml of Fehling’s solution was pipette into a 250 ml conical flask, from the burette, 15 ml of the sugar solution was added. The liquid boiled on asbestos-covered gauze and further quantities of the sugar solution was added (One ml at a time) at 10 to 15 second intervals to the boiling liquid until the blue colour is nearly discharged. 3-5 drops of aqueous Methylene blue solution (1%) was added and continued the titration until the indicator is completely decolorized. Accurate titration: The titration repeated, before heating, almost all of the sugar solution required to effect reduction of copper added. Gently boiled for two minutes. 3-5 drops of Methylene blue indicator was added and the titration was completed within a total boiling time of three minutes. At the end point all the blue colour should be discharged and the liquid should be red. The proportions of the various sugars, equivalent to 10 ml of Fehling’s solution are taken from the table.

Total Sugar: 20ml of reducing sugar solution was taken and 10ml of Conc Hcl was added and kept aside over night. Neutralized with approximately 1M Sodium hydroxide solution or with solid sodium carbonate and made up to 100 ml in a volumetric flask. Determined the total sugar content by the titrimetric method described above. The experiment was repeated twice and the average value was taken.

Discussion

Avaleha kalpana is upakalpana of kwatha kalpana[3]Is one among the widely used dosage forms in Ayurveda . it is considered as one among the panchavidha Kashaya kalpana. Its appreciable qualities like long shelf life, easy administration, good taste, high nutrient contents, better potency with this made it more acceptable and popular[4].

  Different types of Avaleha are explained in Ayurvedic samhita for different diseases. Avaleha is semisolid form of medicine. In Charak Samhita, Vagbhata Samhita and Sharangadhar Samhita have explained Avaleha kalpana. As it is commonly used in all age groups. Dhatyavaleha is an herbal formulation and most of the drugs are Guru ,Snigdha Guna , Sheeta Veerya, Madhura Rasa, Madhura Vipaka. Standardization is an essential measurement for ensuring the quality control of the herbal drugs. Quality control parameters are necessary to establish safety, efficacy. The organoleptic characters of Dhatryavaleha are dark brown colour, characteristic odour, and sweet , sour after taste. Physico – chemical parameters like pH, fat content, solid content, , Total ash , Acid insoluble ash, Total sugar, Reducing sugar, Non reducing sugar. pH of acidity due to amalaki swarasa and chemical constituent present in formulation. Total ash and Acid insoluble ash is important to illustrate the quality and purity of formulation.

Conclusion

The present study reveals that quality of Dhatryavaleha as per pharamaceutico analytical parameters, which helps in explaining the quality of formulation. In the present work, the obtained results were found within normal prescribed limits.

Acknowledgements: I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Govind Sharma sir, professor and HOD department of RSBK for his invaluable guidance and support in making formulation “Dhatryavaleha.”